2016 United States Senate elections

2016 United States Senate elections

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34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate 51 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Mitch McConnell Harry Reid (retired) Party Republican Democratic Leader since January 3, 2007 January 3, 2005 Leader's seat Kentucky Nevada Seats before 54 44 Seats after 52 46 Seat change 2 2 Popular vote 40,841,717[1] 51,315,969[1][a] Percentage 42.2% 53%[a] Seats up 24 10 Races won 22 12   Third party   Party Independent Seats before 2[b] Seats after 2[b] Seat change Popular vote 626,763[1] Percentage 0.6% Seats up 0 Races won 0
Results of the elections:      Democratic hold      Democratic gain      Republican hold      No election
Majority Leader before election Mitch McConnell Republican Elected Majority Leader Mitch McConnell Republican

The 2016 United States Senate elections were held on November 8, 2016. The presidential election, House elections, 14 gubernatorial elections, and many state and local elections were held concurrently.

In the elections, 34 of the 100 seats—all Class 3 Senate seats—were contested in regular elections; the winners served 6-year terms until January 3, 2023. Class 3 was last up for election in 2010, when Republicans won a net gain of 6 seats.

In 2016, Democrats defended 10 seats, while Republicans defended 24 seats. Republicans, having won a majority of seats in the Senate in 2014, held the Senate majority with 54 seats before this election. Although Democrats made a net gain of 2 seats and did not lose any of their seats, Republicans retained control of the Senate for the 115th United States Congress. The 2 Democratic gains came from the defeats of incumbents Kelly Ayotte in New Hampshire and Mark Kirk in Illinois by Maggie Hassan and Tammy Duckworth, respectively.

Despite Republicans retaining control of the Senate, 2016 marked the first time since 1986 where Democrats made a net gain of seats in Class 3. This is also the only election cycle since the popular-vote election of senators was mandated by the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 that the winning party in every Senate election mirrored the winning party for their state in the presidential election.^[2][3] This feat had nearly been accomplished earlier in 1920, which also involved the Class 3 Senate seats, and nearly repeated in 2020; in both cases, every state, with the exception of Kentucky in 1920 and Maine in 2020, voted for the same party in the presidential election and their Senate election. In addition, this election marked the first time since 2000 in which the party in opposition to the elected or reelected presidential candidate made net gains in the Senate; both cases involved the election of a Republican president and the Democrats making gains in the Senate.

With the retirement of Harry Reid, Chuck Schumer became the Democratic leader after the elections, while Mitch McConnell retained his position as Senate Majority Leader.

As of 2024, this is last time Republicans won Senate races in Arizona, Georgia, or Pennsylvania. It is also the last election cycle at least until 2026 where there were no special elections.

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